India has a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the numbers are increasing at an alarming rate. In India alone, diabetes is expected to increase from 40.6 million in 2006 to 79.4 million by 2030. In India, a wide range of outcomes for different groups is buried within the average diabetes prevalence of 8%. Prevalence is only 0.7% for non-obese, physically active, rural Indians. It reaches 11% for obese, sedentary, urban Indians; and it peaks at 20% in the Ernakulum district of Kerala, one of India’s most urbanized states. Among lifestyle factors predicting the incidence of diabetes in India, some are familiar from the West, whereas others turn expectations upside down. The risk factors peculiar for developing diabetes among Indians include high familial aggregation, central obesity, insulin resistance and life style changes due to urbanization. In India very few data available on the prevalence of diabetes and its complications. Furthermore, there were very few studies of the urban / rural prevalence of diabetes and its complications. Pharmacoepidemiolgy Study of Diabetes and Diabetes Induced Complications with Recent Therapeutic Approach in Gujarat designed to answer the above questions. This study was initially planned as a cross-sectional study to evolve later into a prospective follow up study. The study was conducted in 26 districts of Gujarat which divided in four zones. The total sample sizes of 260 doctors were selected from 26 districts. Data of 5403 patients were collected from selected doctors’ clinic with predesigned questionnaires. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one epidemiology study of diabetes, phase two study of diabetes with their complications. Among diabetic patients with complications, type 2 diabetes mellitus (89.98%) was found more prevalent than type 1 diabetes mellitus (10.02%) in Gujarat state. In type-1 diabetic patients, complications were found more prevalent in age more than 60 years (5.50% of total diabetic patients and 54.86% of total type-1 diabetic patients) while in type-2 diabetic patients, complications were found more prevalent in age from 41 to 60 years (49.33% of total diabetic patients and 54.82% of total type-2 diabetic patients). In our study the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was shifted in young age of study populations. Among the various complications prevalence of hypertension (70.5%) as a single complication was found more common than CHD (3.6%), heart failure (4.4%), renal dysfunction (3.3%), neuropathy (5.9%), stroke (2.3%), retinopathy (3.4%), and nontraumatic lower limb amputations (6.6%). This showed that the hypertension is the major complication in diabetic patients compared to other complications in different territories of Gujarat state. For treatment of diabetes drugs like combination of Sulphonylurea with Biguanides were found to be prescribed more in Gujarat than single drugs. For the treatment of high blood pressure in diabetic patients ACE inhibitors were found more commonly prescribed than AT1 receptor antagonist, calcium channel blocker, beta blocker and diuretics. More interestingly in present study the diabetic patients were found to follow regular meditation/yoga with allopathic treatment. There are various therapies available for diabetes and diabetes induced complications but overall, they are not sufficiently control diabetes induced complications in a better way. Patients’ awareness and education regarding diabetes and its complications must be necessary in the society. If diabetes is properly controlled with therapeutic and non-therapeutic approach then it may also reduced the complications and treatment cost of diabetes and diabetes induced complications.
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